OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE, FRAMEWORK: Domain & Process - ۱

در این پست برخی واژه های متداول در متون کاردرمانی که در مقاله ی چارچوب رویه کاردرمانی: قلمرو و فرآیند (مجله کاردرمانی امریکا) آمده است را خواهید دید:

A 

 Activities of daily living (ADLs)Activities oriented toward taking care of one’s ownbody (adapted from Rogers & Holm, 1994, pp.181–202). ADLalso is referred to as basic activitiesof daily living (BADL)and personal activities of dailyliving (PADL).These activities are "fundamental toliving in a social world; they enable basic survivaland well-being" (Christiansen & Hammecker,2001, p. 156) (see Table 1 for definitions of terms). 

 Activity (Activities)Aclass of human actions that are goal directed. 

 Activity analysis"...addresses the typical demands of an activity, therange of skills involved in its performance, and thevarious cultural meanings that might be ascribedto it"(Crepeau, 2003, p.192). 

 Activity demandsThe aspects of an activity,which include the objectsand their physical properties, space, social demands,sequencing or timing, required actions or skills, andrequired underlying body functions and body struc-tures needed to carry out the activity (see Table 3). 

 AdaptationThe response approach the client makes encoun-tering an occupational challenge. "This change isimplemented when the individual’s customaryresponse approaches are found inadequate for pro-ducing some degree of mastery over the challenge"(Schultz & Schkade, 1997, p. 474). 

 AdvocacyThe "pursuit of influencing outcomes—includingpublic policy and resource allocation decisionswithin political, economic, and social systems andinstitutions—that directly affect people’s lives"(Advocacy Institute, 2001, as cited in Goodman-Lavey & Dunbar, 2003, p. 422). 

 Analysis of occupational performancePart of the evaluation process. Collecting infor-mation via assessment tools designed to observe,measure, and inquire about selected factors thatsupport or hinder occupational performance. 

 Areas of occupationsVarious kinds of life activities in which peopleengage, including the following categories: ADLs,IADLs, rest and sleep, education, work, play,leisure, and social participation (see Table 1). 

 Assessment"Specific tools or instruments that are used duringthe evaluation process" (AOTA, 2005, p. 663).

‌‌‌‌‌B 

Belief Any cognitivecontent held as true by the client(Moyers & Dale, 2007). 

Body functions"The physiological functions of body systems(including psychological functions)" (WHO,2001, p. 10) (see Table 2). 

Body structures"Anatomical parts of the body such as organs,limbs, and their components [that support bodyfunction]" (WHO, 2001, p. 10) (see Table 2). 

C 

Client The entity that receives occupational therapy ser-vices. Clients may include (1) individuals andother persons relevant to the individual’s life,including family, caregivers, teachers, employers,and others who also may help or be served indi-rectly; (2) organizations such as business, indus-tries, or agencies; and (3) populations within acommunity (Moyers & Dale, 2007). 

Client-centered approach An orientation that honors the desires and priori-ties of clients in designing and implementinginterventions (adapted from Dunn, 2000a, p. 4). 

Client factorsThose factors residing within the client that mayaffect performance in areas of occupation. Clientfactors include values, beliefs, and spirituality;body functions; and body structures (see Table 2). 

Clinical reasoning"Complex multi-faceted cognitive process used bypractitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflecton intervention" (Crepeau et al., 2003, p. 1027). 

Communication and social skillsActions or behaviors a person uses to communi-cate and interact with others in an interactive envi-ronment (Fisher,2006). 

Cognitive skillsActions or behaviors a client uses to plan and man-age the performance of an activity.ContextRefers to a variety of interrelated conditions with-in and surrounding the client that influence per-formance. Contexts include cultural, personal,temporal, and virtual (see Table 6). 

Co-occupationsActivities that implicitly involve at least two peo-ple (Zemke & Clark, 1996). 

Cultural (context)"Customs, beliefs, activity patterns, behavior stan-dards, and expectations accepted by the society ofwhich the [client] is a member.Includes ethnicityand values as well as political aspects, such as lawsthat affect access to resources and affirm personalrights. Also includes opportunities for education,employment, and economic support" (AOTA,1994, p.1054).

D 

DomainAsphere of activity, concern, or function(American Heritage Dictionary,2006). 

E 

Education Includes learning activities needed when partici-pating in an environment (see Table 1). 

Emotional regulation skills Actions or behaviors a client uses to identify, man-age, and express feelings while engaging in activi-ties or interacting with others. 

EngagementThe act of sharing activities. 

EnvironmentThe external physical and social environment thatsurrounds the client and in which the client’sdailylife occupations occur (see Table 6). 

Evaluation"The process of obtaining and interpreting datanecessaryfor intervention. This includes planningfor and documenting the evaluation process andresults" (AOTA, 2005, p. 663).GGoals"The result or achievement toward which effortis directed; aim; end" (Webster’s EncyclopedicUnabridged Dictionary of the English Language,1994, p. 60 

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